The cornea is the transparent front layer of the eye. It is further divided into several
layers, and the outer most layer, called the epithelium has to be intact to provide clear
vision and keep the eye pain free. Disruption of this layer of the cornea is called a
corneal abrasion. When scratched, the corneal nerve ending are exposed causing the
abrasion to be severely painful. |
Treatment:
- If the abrasion is not infected, antibiotic drops are used for prevention of infection while the abrasion is healing on its own. Depending on its size, the abrasion may heal in 1-7 days, and the patient is seen frequently during this period. At times, if the abrasion is very large, a pressure patch is left in place for a few days, and eye drops used to relax the muscles inside the eye are also used.
- If the corneal abrasion becomes infected, it turns into a more serious problem called a Corneal Ulcer.
- This infection is caused by bacteria present in our environment or on the surface of contact lenses, viruses, fungus especially if there has been environmental trauma (tree branch)
Note that contact lens wearers are at increased risk of developing these ulcers and should always seek immediate attention if they have symptoms.
Diagnosis:
Ulcers are vision threatening because of the risk of permanent scarring of the cornea, corneal perforation, and spread of infection inside the eye. A similar eye exam as described above is satisfactory in diagnosing ulcers as well. Cultures can also be performed in order to confirm the specific organism involved.
Treatment:
- Vigorous antibiotic drop treatment including multiple drops that are instilled as frequently as every hour
- Repeated, often daily, eye exams
- If permanent scarring results from infection, hard contact lenses or a corneal graft may be needed to achieve clear vision again
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